@conference{Pucker2019,
title = {Impact of Meibomian Gland Width on Successful Contact Lens Use},
author = {Andrew D. Pucker, Lisa A. Jones-Jordan, Carolina M. Kunnen, Sebastian Marx, Daniel R. Powell, Justin Kwan, Shruthi Srinivasan, Wolfgang Sickenberger, Lyndon Jones},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-01-24},
abstract = { },
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {conference}
}

@conference{Powell2018,
title = {Impact of Soft Contact Lens Factors and Compliance on Contact Lens Dropout},
author = {Daniel R. Powell, Lisa A. Jones-Jordan, Shruthi Srinivasan, Justin Kwan, Sebastian Marx, Wolfgang Sickenberger, Lyndon Jones, Andrew D. Pucker},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-11-07},
abstract = { },
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {conference}
}

@conference{Marx2018,
title = {Degree of Meibomian Gland Tortuosity in Successful Soft Contact Lens Wearers and Dropouts},
author = {Sebastian Marx, Justin Kwan, Lisa A. Jones-Jordan, Daniel Powell, Shruthi Srinivasan, Wolfgang Sickenberger, Lyndon Jones, Andrew D. Pucker},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-11-07},
abstract = { },
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {conference}
}

@conference{Pucker2018,
title = {Association Between Meibomian Gland Health and Soft Contact Lens Dropout},
author = {Andrew D. Pucker, Lisa A. Jones-Jordan, Shruthi Srinivasan, Daniel R. Powell, Justin Kwan, Sebastian Marx, Wolfgang Sickenberger, Lyndon Jones},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-11-07},
abstract = { },
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {conference}
}

@conference{Jordan2016,
title = {Psychometric Analysis of the SPEED Questionnaire},
author = {Lisa A. Jones Jordan, Andrew D. Pucker, Bradley Dougherty, Justin Kwan, Carolina Kunnen, Sruthi Srinivasan},
url = {https://www.aaopt.org/detail/knowledge-base-article/psychometric-analysis-speed-questionnaire},
isbn = {E-abstract 160019},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-11-09},
abstract = {Purpose: The Standard Patient Evaluation of Eye Dryness (SPEED) questionnaire was developed to evaluate the symptoms of dry eye in patients with the purpose to include an assessment of longer standing problems over the past three months. The original sample tested 50 subjects and only a few studies have further evaluated the questionnaire. This study reports on the performance of this questionnaire in a diverse sample of professional adults, and it is compared to the CLDEQ-8 for the subset of contact lens wearers.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was completed at Academy 2015 New Orleans with the SPEED questionnaire administered to the subjects along with other questions about demographics. Contact lens wearers completed the CLDEQ-8. Rasch analysis was done to evaluate the questionnaires for unidimensionality and to evaluate the performance of the individual questions. Additionally, the SPEED was correlated with the CLDEQ-8 for contact lens wearers to determine if they performed similarly.

Results: There were 284 subjects, of which 150 reported as contact lens wearers. The average age was 39.4 years ± 14.2 and 61% were female. Rasch analysis was performed initially using all of the questions on the SPEED, but the questions measuring long-term symptoms were found incompatible with the unidimensionality assumption of the model. The 8 core questions about symptom frequency and intensity were found to measure one latent variable, measurement precision was acceptable, and the model fit was reasonable. The response category structure functioned well. The CLDEQ-8 also functioned as one latent variable with acceptable measurement properties. The two scales were highly correlated in contact lens wearers (r = 0.73, p<0.001).

Conclusions: Overall, a short form of the SPEED questionnaire had good measurement properties in this large, diverse sample of adults. Both the SPEED and the CLDEQ-8 questionnaires seem to be tapping into a similar construct for dry eye symptoms.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {conference}
}

@conference{Pucker2016,
title = {Race, Ethnicity, and Lifestyle Choice Associations with Meibomian Gland Atrophy},
author = {Andrew D. Pucker, Lisa A. Jones-Jordan, Justin Kwan, Carolina M. Kunnen, Shruthi Srinivasan},
url = {https://www.aaopt.org/detail/knowledge-base-article/race-ethnicity-and-lifestyle-choice-associations-meibomian-gland-atrophy},
isbn = {E-abstract 160024},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-11-09},
abstract = {Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine how race, ethnicity, and lifestyle choices were associated with meibomian gland atrophy (MGA) in a diverse convenience sample of optometry conference attendees.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional study open to all participants who attended the American Academy of Optometry’s 2015 annual meeting in New Orleans, LA. Subjects self-administered a study-specific survey that queried demographics, ocular history, symptoms, and lifestyle. MGA was assessed photographically with an infrared camera (OCULUS Keratograph 5M) by imaging the upper and lower eyelids. All images were then subjectively evaluated with Arita et al.’s 0 to 3 grading scale per eyelid by two masked examiners. Associations between the above variables and MGA of combined eyelids, upper eyelids, and lower eyelids were analyzed after taking the mean of the two examiners’ scores.

Results: A diverse group (67.6% white, 2.5% black, 25.0% Asian, 4.9% other) of contact lens (CL) (n = 151) and non-CL (n = 134) wearers were recruited. The population was 61.4% female. Significant combined eyelid MGA (upper plus lower eyelid scores >2 out of 6) was associated with age (P=0.006), female gender (P=0.03), and self-reported MG dysfunction (P=0.04). Significant combined atrophy was not associated with years of CL use (P=0.78), hours of exercise (P=0.64), time outdoors (P=0.19), race (P=1.0), ethnicity (P=0.45), or use of omega-3 fatty acid supplements (P=0.60). When eyelids were analyzed individually, significant upper eyelid MGA (scores >1 out of 3) was only associated with age (P=0.001) while significant lower eyelid MGA was only associated with time outdoors (P=0.05) and female gender (P=0.05).

Conclusions: This study primarily found an association between MGA and age; however, associations between MGA and factors depended upon which eyelids were analyzed indicating that a subanalysis by eyelid may be important for understanding MGA.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {conference}
}

@conference{Pucker2016b,
title = {Is Compliance and Ocular Surface Factors Associated with Contact Lens Dropout? },
author = {Andrew D. Pucker, Lisa A. Jones-Jordan, Shruthi Srinivasan, Daniel R. Powell, Justin Kwan, Sebastian Marx, Wolfgang Sickenberger, Lyndon Jones},
isbn = {E-abstract 3933},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-11-09},
abstract = { },
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {conference}
}

@conference{Kunnen2016,
title = {The Association Between Meibomian Gland Width, Clinical Tests, and Patient-Reported Outcomes in Contact Lens and Non-Contact Lens Wearers},
author = {Carolina M. Kunnen, Lisa A. Jones-Jordan, Justin Kwan, Sruthi Srinivasan, Andrew D. Pucker},
url = {https://blog.jenvis-research.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/The-Association-Between-Meibomian-Gland-Width-Clinical-Tests-and-Patient-Reported-Outcomes-in-Contact-Lens-and-Non-Contact-Lens-Wearers-1.png},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-09-07},
abstract = { },
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {conference}
}

@conference{Jones-Jordan2015,
title = {A Comparison of Meibomian Gland Expressibility Methods in Contact Lens and Non-Contact-Lens Wearers},
author = {Lisa A. Jones-Jordan, Andrew D. Pucker, Sruthi Srinavason, Wing Li, Justin Kwan, Meng Ching Lin, Wolfgang Sickenberger, Lyndon W. Jones},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-05-20},
abstract = {Purpose: To compare two common meibum expressibility evaluation methods in a matched-pair sample of contact lens wearers (CLW) and non-contact lens wearers (NCLW).
Method: This was an age and gender matched case-control study to assess group differences in meibomian gland (MG) dysfunction. Meibum expressibility was assessed with two methods, A:
with a mechanical device specifically designed for MG expression (Meibomian Gland Evaluator, TearScience) and B: with the traditional finger expression method. Both methods were sequentially performed on the lower eyelids of each subject. Meibum expressibility and quality were graded with established scales. Means±SD were given for continuous variables and frequencies for categorical data. McNemar’s tests were done by group to compare the agreement between the two methods and weighted kappas were reported.
Results: Data from 138 subjects (mean age = 30.7±12.2yrs; F: 70%; M:30%) were used. About 75% of subjects had no or mild plugged glands when using method B, while about 60% had no or mild plugged glands with method A. Weighted kappas (WK) comparing agreement for two expressibility methods were similar between eyes (right eye is reported). The WK for NCLW was 0.76 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.66–0.86), and for CLW was 0.77 (95% CI: 0.67–0.86). The kappas were not different between groups (p = 0.89). Right eye WKs for meibum quality were similar between the groups (p = 0.55).
Conclusions: The agreement between the two meibum expressibility evaluation methods showed similar results, indicating that either method could be used. The agreement between the weighted kappas for CLW and NCLW indicated no reason to vary measurement methods dependent on CLW status.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {conference}
}

@conference{Pucker2015,
title = {A Comparison of SPEED Scores in Contact Lens and Non-Contact Lens Wearers},
author = {Andrew D. Pucker, Lisa A. Jones-Jordan, Justin Kwan, Carolina M. Kunnen, Shruthi Srinivasan},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-05-01},
abstract = {Purpose: The purpose of this analysis was to determine if the Standard Patient Evaluation of Eye Dryness (SPEED) questionnaire is able to similarly detect dry eye in both contact lens (CL) and non-contact lens wearers (NCL).

Methods: This was a cross-sectional study open to all participants who attended the American Academy of Optometry’s 2015 annual meeting in New Orleans, LA. All subjects were administered a study-specific demographics survey that also asked about self-reported dry eye status and the SPEED questionnaire. Tear meniscus height (TMH) was photographically assessed (OCULUS keratograph 5M) and tear volume (Zone-QuickTM Phenol Red Thread) was evaluated. Subjects were then classified as having dry eye if they had two or more positive dry eye tests (self-reported dry eye, TMH, tear volume). SPEED scores in CL and NCL wearers were then compared to dry eye status to determine the SPEED questionnaire’s ability to detect dry eye.

Results: A diverse group (67.6% white, 2.5% black, 25.0% Asian, 4.9% other) of CL (n = 150) and NCL (n = 134) wearers were recruited. The mean ± SD age of the CL and NCL wearers was 34.5 ± 12.6 years and 40.6 ± 15.1 years, respectively. The population was predominantly female (61.4% female), and a large portion of the CL (58.3%) and NCL (41.8%) self-reported dry eye. The mean SPEED scores (CL = 7.5 ± 4.7; NCL = 7.3 ± 5.0) and tear volumes (CL = 4.34 ± 5.08 mm; NCL = 3.93 ± 3.80 mm) were not significantly different between groups (p > 0.05), yet TMHs (CL = 0.22 ± 0.11 mm, NCL = 0.27 ± 0.12 mm) were significantly lower in the CL group (p = 0.0004). The SPEED scores were found to be associated with dry eye status in NCL wearers (r = 0.35, p <0.001) but not CL wearers (r = 0.12, p = 0.13).

Conclusions: Meeting attendees easily completed the SPEED questionnaire. While the SPEED questionnaire was able to predict the dry eye status of NCL wearers, it was unable to predict the dry eye status of a CL wearer in this sample. Additional work should be done to assess the usefulness of the SPEED questionnaire in CL-wearing populations.
},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {conference}
}

@conference{Pucker2014,
title = {Factors Associated with Meibomian Gland Atrophy in Daily Contact Lens Wearers},
author = {Andrew D. Pucker, Lisa A. Jones-Jordan, Wing Li, Justin Kwan, Meng Lin, Wolfgang Sickenberger, Sebastian Marx, Sruthi Srinivasan, Lyndon Jones},
url = {https://blog.jenvis-research.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/Factors-Associated-with-Meibomian-Gland-Atrophy-in-Daily-Contact-Lens-Wearers.pdf},
year = {2014},
date = {2014-11-14},
abstract = {Purpose: To determine factors associated with contact lens related meibomian gland atrophy in a matched pair sample.

Methods: Contact lens wearers (case) and age- and gender-matched non-contact lens wearers with no significant history of contact lens use (control) were recruited across five study sites in three countries. All subjects were administered an Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) questionnaire, and tear meniscus height, non-invasive tear break-up time, tear osmolarity, lid wiper epitheliopathy, lid parallel conjunctival folds, line of Marx, conjunctival staining, upper eyelid meibomian gland expressibility, Schirmer’s test, and meibomian gland atrophy were assessed. Univariate conditional logistic regression was then used to determine relationships between meibomian gland atrophy and clinical signs and symptoms.

Results: Subjects included 118 adults (59 matched pairs). Mean ± SD age was 28.4 ± 9.9 years; 69% of the subjects were female. No significant associations were found between meibomian gland atrophy and the following variables: OSDI (P = 0.55), tear meniscus height (P = 0.85), non-invasive tear break-up time (P = 0.58), tear osmolarity (P = 0.56), lid wiper epitheliopathy (P = 0.34), lid parallel conjunctival folds (P = 0.42), line of Marx (P = 0.32), conjunctival staining (P = 0.36), Schirmer’s test (P = 0.05), and meibomian gland expressibility (P = 0.81). Unpaired analysis comparing subject age and meibomian gland atrophy also found no association.

Conclusions: These data indicate that there are no significant differences between contact lens wearers and non-contact lens wearers in this cohort of relatively young lens wearers, when comparing meibomian gland atrophy to clinical dry eye signs and symptoms. No association between meibomian gland atrophy and age was found, which is in contrast to past studies.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {conference}
}

@conference{Srinivasan2014,
title = {Meibomian Gland Atrophy Rate in Pre-presbyopic Contact Lens and Non-Contact Lens Wearers},
author = {Sruthi Srinivasan, Andrew D. Pucker, Lisa A. Jones-Jordan, Wing Li, Justin Kwan, Wolfgang Sickenberger, Sebastian Marx, Meng Chin Lin, Lyndon W. Jones},
url = {https://blog.jenvis-research.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/Meibomian-Gland-Atrophy-Rate-in-Pre-presbyopic-Contact-Lens-and-Non-Contact-Lens-Wearers-1.pdf},
year = {2014},
date = {2014-11-12},
abstract = {Purpose: To determine the rate of meibomian gland (MG) atrophy in a matched-pair sample of contact lens (CL) and non-contact-lens (NCL) wearers. Methods: CL wearers with a minimum of five years of CL use and NCL wearers who were age- and gender-matched were recruited across five study sites from three countries (USA, Canada and Germany). Lower and upper eyelids of all participants were everted and MGs were imaged using the Keratograph 5M infrared camera (OCULUS). MG atrophy (percent) was determined by analyzing the mean gland loss of the upper and lower eyelids in the most affected eye. Digital analyses of the images were conducted using ImageJ software. General linear regression models were used to determine MG atrophy rates in CL and NCL wearers to account for the matched design. Results:A total of 118 participants were included in the analysis. Mean ± SD age was 28.4 ± 9.9 yrs; 41F and 18M pairs were collected. Mean MG atrophy in the CL group was 25.8% and 24.0% in the NCL group (p=0.41). Neither age (p=0.39) nor gender (p=0.43) was significantly associated with MG atrophy in this cohort. No significant differences were found for different age groups (<20, 20-24, 25-29, 30+ years; p= 0.40). There was a 0.19 % increase per year in MG atrophy in CL wearers compared with a 0.003% increase per year in NCL wearers. Number of years of CL wear was also not significantly associated with MG atrophy (p=0.50). Conclusions: MG atrophy rates in CL and NCL wearers were similar in this cohort of pre-presbyopic participants. It was also noted that age, gender and years of CL wear were not associated with MG atrophy.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {conference}
}